Rig adalah perangkat yang digunakan dalam proses pengeboran untuk mengekstrak minyak bumi melalui penembusan berbagai lapisan tanah. Ada beberapa variasi rig yang dipakai dalam proses pengeboran minyak bumi, termasuk rig darat (land rig), kapal pengeboran rawa (swamp barge), barge tender, rig jack up, jaket pengeboran (drilling jacket), rig semi-submersible, dan kapal pengebor (drill ship).
Fungsi Utama Rig dalam Pengeboran Minyak Bumi
Rig pengeboran merupakan elemen kunci dalam industri minyak bumi. Alat ini dibuat secara khusus untuk memenuhi tujuan pengeboran yang sangat penting, khususnya dalam pengeboran minyak dan gas bumi. Berikut adalah beberapa fungsi utama dari rig dalam pengeboran minyak bumi:
1. Penyondiran Bumi: Tujuan utama dari rig adalah untuk melakukan pengeboran atau penyondiran ke dalam lapisan bumi. Rig melakukan ini dengan menggunakan bor khusus yang dapat menembus berbagai lapisan tanah dan batu.
2. Ekstraksi Minyak: Setelah pengeboran selesai, rig digunakan untuk memfasilitasi proses ekstraksi minyak. Melalui lubang bor, pipa pengeboran disisipkan yang kemudian digunakan untuk mengangkat minyak dari reservoir di bawah tanah ke permukaan.
3. Pengendalian Tekanan Reservoir: Rig juga memainkan peran penting dalam mengendalikan tekanan dari reservoir minyak. Tekanan ini perlu diatur dengan hati-hati untuk mencegah ledakan atau kebocoran minyak.
4. Pengukuran dan Analisis: Selama proses pengeboran, rig digunakan untuk mengambil sampel tanah dan batuan serta melakukan pengukuran kedalaman dan tekanan. Data ini sangat penting untuk analisis dan perencanaan proses pengeboran selanjutnya.
5. Perawatan dan Intervensi Sumur: Rig tidak hanya digunakan untuk pengeboran dan ekstraksi, tetapi juga untuk perawatan sumur minyak. Hal ini meliputi perbaikan, pembersihan, dan operasi lainnya yang dibutuhkan untuk menjaga sumur tetap optimal.
Jadi, rig adalah perangkat yang sangat penting dalam operasi pengeboran minyak bumi. Dengan berbagai fungsi dan kegunaannya, rig menjadi inti dari keberhasilan proses pengeboran dan produksi minyak.
Berbagai Tipe Rig dan Fungsinya
1. Rig Darat (Land Rig) Rig darat, atau yang sering dikenal sebagai land rig, adalah jenis rig yang dirancang untuk operasi pengeboran di area daratan. Rig ini memiliki dua varian, yaitu rig berukuran kecil untuk pengeboran sederhana dan rig besar untuk pengeboran skala besar. Keistimewaan rig darat adalah portabilitasnya, memungkinkannya mudah dipindahkan sesuai kebutuhan.
2. Rig Rawa (Swamp Barge) Swamp barge hampir serupa dengan rig darat dalam hal fungsionalitas, namun memiliki tambahan berupa ponton, yang berfungsi sebagai penopang rig di dasar rawa saat proses pengeboran. Biasanya, rig jenis ini beroperasi di kedalaman sekitar 5 meter.
3. Rig Kapal Bantu (Tender Barge) Tender barge adalah jenis rig yang dipasang pada platform khusus, membantu dalam melakukan operasi pengeboran.
4. Rig Kaki Panjang (Jack Up Rig) Dilengkapi dengan kaki yang bisa diatur tingginya, jack up rig memungkinkan pengeboran dilakukan di bawah permukaan air hingga kedalaman sekitar 110 meter. Meskipun kaki rig ini cukup panjang, namun penggunaannya dibatasi oleh kedalaman perairan.
5. Rig Pelampung (Drilling Jacket) Rig ini memiliki struktur baja dan biasanya berukuran lebih kecil. Drilling jacket cocok digunakan di perairan tenang atau dangkal dan seringkali digunakan bersamaan dengan tender barge atau jack up rig.
6. Rig Setengah Tenggelam (Semi-Submersible Rig) Rig ini dirancang untuk beroperasi di laut dengan kedalaman hingga 750 meter, bahkan dalam kondisi cuaca buruk dan ombak besar. Semi-submersible rig dilengkapi dengan hull dan baling-baling yang memungkinkan penyesuaian posisi sesuai kebutuhan.
7. Kapal Pengebor (Drill Ship) Drill ship adalah modifikasi dari kapal biasa, yang telah diubah fungsi dan dilengkapi dengan peralatan pengeboran untuk beroperasi di laut dalam. Keseluruhan peralatan pengeboran ditempatkan di atas kapal, memudahkan proses pengeboran.
Bagian Utama Rig Pengeboran
Rig pengeboran adalah sistem yang rumit dengan banyak komponen yang bekerja bersama-sama untuk memastikan operasi berjalan dengan lancar. Berikut ini adalah 15 bagian utama dari rig pengeboran:
1. Menara atau Derrick: Struktur tinggi ini digunakan untuk menampung dan memandu pipa pengeboran dan bor ke dalam sumur.
2. Mata Bor (Drill Bit): Bagian ini berfungsi untuk memotong dan menghancurkan batuan di bawah permukaan bumi.
3. Pipa Bor (Drill Pipe): Pipa yang digunakan untuk memperpanjang mata bor ke dalam sumur.
4. Kelly: Ini adalah bagian persegi atau heksagonal dari rig yang berputar dan mentransmisikan tenaga rotasi ke sistem bor.
5. Swivel: Bagian ini memungkinkan pipa bor berputar saat pengeboran sedangkan selang bor tetap tidak bergerak.
6. Blok Tiup (Blowout Preventer / BOP): Ini adalah perangkat keamanan yang dirancang untuk mencegah ‘blowouts’ atau pelepasan minyak dan gas yang tidak terkontrol.
7. Choke Manifold: Bagian ini digunakan untuk mengendalikan tekanan dalam sumur.
8. Rotary Table: Bagian ini memutar kelly dan pipa bor saat proses pengeboran.
9. Mud System: Sistem ini memompa, memfilter, dan menyetor lumpur pengeboran, yang digunakan untuk mendinginkan bor dan membawa serpihan batu ke permukaan.
10. Catwalk: Ini adalah platform tempat pipa dan alat lain disimpan dan disiapkan untuk digunakan.
11. Drawworks: Ini adalah winch besar yang digunakan untuk menaikkan dan menurunkan pipa dan bor.
12. Top Drive: Ini adalah perangkat mekanis yang digunakan untuk memutar pipa bor.
13. Crown Block dan Traveling Block: Ini adalah sistem puli yang digunakan untuk menaikkan dan menurunkan pipa dan bor.
14. Mud Pumps: Pompa ini digunakan untuk mengedarkan lumpur pengeboran melalui pipa dan keluar melalui mata bor.
15. Doghouse: Ini adalah ruang kerja dan tempat istirahat bagi pekerja rig.
Setiap komponen ini memainkan peran penting dalam operasi pengeboran, dan kerja sama antara semua bagian ini memungkinkan pengeboran minyak dan gas menjadi mungkin.
Kesimpulan
Rig adalah komponen penting dalam industri pengeboran minyak dan gas bumi. Dengan berbagai jenis dan fungsi, rig memainkan peran utama dalam pengeboran dan produksi minyak dan gas. Fungsinya meliputi pengeboran melalui lapisan bumi, ekstraksi minyak, pengendalian tekanan reservoir, pengambilan sampel dan analisis, serta perawatan dan intervensi sumur.
Selain itu, ada berbagai jenis rig, termasuk rig darat, rig rawa, rig kapal bantu, rig kaki panjang, rig pelampung, rig setengah tenggelam, dan kapal pengebor. Setiap jenis rig memiliki karakteristik dan penggunaannya masing-masing, bergantung pada lingkungan dan tujuan pengeboran.
Rig pengeboran sendiri terdiri dari banyak bagian penting, termasuk menara atau derrick, mata bor, pipa bor, kelly, swivel, blok tiup, choke manifold, rotary table, sistem lumpur, catwalk, drawworks, top drive, crown block dan traveling block, mud pumps, dan doghouse. Semua bagian ini berperan dalam memastikan proses pengeboran berjalan dengan lancar dan efisien.
I really like what you guys are up too. This kind of clever work and exposure! Keep up the good works guys I’ve included you guys to blogroll.
I love it when people come together and share opinions, great blog, keep it up.
This site can be a stroll-by way of for all the information you needed about this and didn’t know who to ask. Glimpse here, and you’ll undoubtedly discover it.
We’re a group of volunteers and opening a brand new scheme in our community. Your site offered us with useful information to paintings on. You’ve done a formidable task and our whole community will probably be thankful to you.
My brother recommended I might like this blog. He was totally right. This publish truly made my day. You can not imagine simply how a lot time I had spent for this information! Thank you!
Renew is a nutritional supplement that activates your metabolism and promotes healthy sleep.
DentiCore is a dental and gum health formula, made with premium natural ingredients.
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great. I do not know who you are but definitely you are going to a famous blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Thank you for every other informative web site. Where else could I am getting that type of info written in such a perfect method? I have a undertaking that I am simply now running on, and I’ve been at the glance out for such info.
I likewise think thus, perfectly composed post! .
I love the efforts you have put in this, regards for all the great posts.
Hey very nice site!! Man .. Beautiful .. Amazing .. I’ll bookmark your site and take the feeds also…I am happy to find numerous useful info here in the post, we need develop more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .
Awsome blog! I am loving it!! Will come back again. I am bookmarking your feeds also
It’s actually a cool and useful piece of info. I’m glad that you shared this useful information with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.
What¦s Happening i’m new to this, I stumbled upon this I have found It positively useful and it has aided me out loads. I hope to contribute & aid other customers like its aided me. Good job.
Dead written subject material, Really enjoyed looking through.
What Is Sugar Defender Supplement? Sugar Defender is a plant-based supplement and it helps to regulate the blood sugar levels in the body.
What Is Sugar Defender Supplement? Sugar Defender is a plant-based supplement and it helps to regulate the blood sugar levels in the body.
Great – I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your site. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs and related information ended up being truly easy to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or anything, web site theme . a tones way for your client to communicate. Nice task.
Today, while I was at work, my cousin stole my iphone and tested to see if it can survive a 30 foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is now destroyed and she has 83 views. I know this is totally off topic but I had to share it with someone!
You have mentioned very interesting details! ps nice web site. “‘Tis a sharp medicine, but it will cure all that ails you. — last words before his beheadding” by Sir Walter Raleigh.
Great post however I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this topic? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit more. Kudos!
There is clearly a lot to realize about this. I suppose you made certain good points in features also.
Does your site have a contact page? I’m having trouble locating it but, I’d like to send you an e-mail. I’ve got some creative ideas for your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great site and I look forward to seeing it improve over time.
Simply a smiling visitant here to share the love (:, btw outstanding layout.
I happen to be writing to let you know what a extraordinary experience my cousin’s princess gained browsing your site. She mastered several things, which included how it is like to possess an incredible helping mood to have the rest really easily completely grasp a variety of problematic things. You truly exceeded our own expected results. Thank you for displaying such productive, healthy, edifying and cool thoughts on that topic to Gloria.
I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post…
This really answered my problem, thank you!
Just wanna remark that you have a very decent internet site, I enjoy the style it really stands out.
Very interesting info!Perfect just what I was searching for!
We are a group of volunteers and opening a new scheme in our community. Your website offered us with valuable information to work on. You have done a formidable job and our whole community will be thankful to you.
Hey there! Do you use Twitter? I’d like to follow you if that would be ok. I’m absolutely enjoying your blog and look forward to new updates.
Hello there, You’ve performed a great job. I’ll definitely digg it and personally recommend to my friends. I am sure they’ll be benefited from this site.
naturally like your web-site however you have to take a look at the spelling on several of your posts. A number of them are rife with spelling issues and I in finding it very bothersome to inform the truth however I¦ll definitely come back again.
It?¦s truly a nice and helpful piece of info. I?¦m satisfied that you simply shared this useful information with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.
Just wish to say your article is as amazing. The clearness to your publish is just cool and that i can assume you are knowledgeable in this subject. Well along with your permission allow me to take hold of your feed to keep up to date with coming near near post. Thank you 1,000,000 and please continue the rewarding work.
This blog is definitely rather handy since I’m at the moment creating an internet floral website – although I am only starting out therefore it’s really fairly small, nothing like this site. Can link to a few of the posts here as they are quite. Thanks much. Zoey Olsen
The next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one. I mean, I know it was my choice to read, but I actually thought youd have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you could fix if you werent too busy looking for attention.
Great write-up, I am regular visitor of one’s web site, maintain up the nice operate, and It is going to be a regular visitor for a lengthy time.
I got what you intend, thankyou for posting.Woh I am delighted to find this website through google. “You must pray that the way be long, full of adventures and experiences.” by Constantine Peter Cavafy.
It’s hard to find knowledgeable people on this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
I intended to send you that tiny word so as to say thank you as before for the awesome strategies you’ve shown above. This is simply incredibly open-handed with you to present unhampered exactly what a number of people could possibly have supplied as an electronic book to generate some dough for themselves, primarily since you could possibly have done it in case you desired. The advice additionally served like a good way to fully grasp many people have a similar passion similar to my own to find out many more around this problem. I know there are millions of more pleasant times up front for individuals who go through your website.
hello there and thank you on your info – I have certainly picked up anything new from proper here. I did alternatively experience some technical points the usage of this web site, since I experienced to reload the web site lots of times previous to I may just get it to load properly. I were brooding about in case your web hosting is OK? Now not that I am complaining, however slow loading instances times will sometimes affect your placement in google and could harm your high quality score if advertising and ***********|advertising|advertising|advertising and *********** with Adwords. Anyway I am including this RSS to my e-mail and can glance out for much extra of your respective exciting content. Ensure that you update this once more soon..
Hello, you used to write excellent, but the last few posts have been kinda boringK I miss your great writings. Past few posts are just a bit out of track! come on!
Tonic Greens: An Overview Introducing Tonic Greens, an innovative immune support supplement meticulously crafted with potent antioxidants, essential minerals, and vital vitamins.
Wonderful web site. A lot of useful information here. I am sending it to some friends ans also sharing in delicious. And obviously, thanks for your effort!
You made several nice points there. I did a search on the issue and found mainly persons will agree with your blog.
Very interesting subject, thank you for posting.
Loving the info on this site, you have done outstanding job on the posts.
I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good. I don’t know who you are but certainly you’re going to a famous blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
I am only commenting to let you understand of the really good encounter our daughter obtained studying your blog. She noticed a good number of details, including what it’s like to have a very effective giving mindset to have many people very easily completely grasp specified extremely tough things. You undoubtedly exceeded our own expected results. Many thanks for supplying the warm and friendly, dependable, edifying and in addition cool tips on this topic to Emily.
certainly like your website but you need to check the spelling on several of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling problems and I find it very troublesome to tell the truth nevertheless I will surely come back again.
Thanks for a marvelous posting! I quite enjoyed reading it, you will be a great author.I will make sure to bookmark your blog and may come back from now on. I want to encourage you continue your great job, have a nice day!
I have been browsing online more than 3 hours as of late, but I by no means found any attention-grabbing article like yours. It is pretty value enough for me. In my opinion, if all webmasters and bloggers made just right content material as you did, the internet might be much more useful than ever before.
F*ckin’ awesome issues here. I’m very satisfied to see your article. Thanks so much and i am taking a look ahead to contact you. Will you kindly drop me a e-mail?
Lovely blog! I am loving it!! Will be back later to read some more. I am bookmarking your feeds also
Hello, Neat post. There is a problem with your web site in web explorer, might test this… IE nonetheless is the marketplace leader and a big element of folks will leave out your magnificent writing due to this problem.
Hello, you used to write wonderful, but the last few posts have been kinda boringK I miss your super writings. Past few posts are just a little out of track! come on!
Yesterday, while I was at work, my cousin stole my iphone and tested to see if it can survive a thirty foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is now broken and she has 83 views. I know this is completely off topic but I had to share it with someone!
Hi! This post couldn’t be written any better! Reading this post reminds me of my old room mate! He always kept chatting about this. I will forward this write-up to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read. Many thanks for sharing!
Do you mind if I quote a couple of your articles as long as I provide credit and sources back to your blog? My blog site is in the exact same area of interest as yours and my visitors would genuinely benefit from some of the information you provide here. Please let me know if this alright with you. Thank you!
Hello there, just was alert to your blog thru Google, and found that it is really informative. I’m gonna be careful for brussels. I will be grateful if you proceed this in future. Lots of folks might be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
This blog is definitely rather handy since I’m at the moment creating an internet floral website – although I am only starting out therefore it’s really fairly small, nothing like this site. Can link to a few of the posts here as they are quite. Thanks much. Zoey Olsen
Great line up. We will be linking to this great article on our site. Keep up the good writing.
Some truly great posts on this website, appreciate it for contribution. “I finally know what distinguishes man from other beasts financial worries. – Journals” by Jules Renard.
I’ve been exploring for a little bit for any high-quality articles or blog posts on this kind of area . Exploring in Yahoo I at last stumbled upon this web site. Reading this info So i am happy to convey that I have an incredibly good uncanny feeling I discovered just what I needed. I most certainly will make certain to don’t forget this website and give it a look regularly.
An fascinating dialogue is value comment. I feel that you should write extra on this matter, it might not be a taboo subject however usually persons are not sufficient to speak on such topics. To the next. Cheers
Thankyou for this grand post, I am glad I noticed this internet site on yahoo.
Muchas gracias. ?Como puedo iniciar sesion?
After examine a few of the weblog posts in your website now, and I actually like your approach of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking again soon. Pls check out my web page as well and let me know what you think.
Great write-up, I?¦m normal visitor of one?¦s web site, maintain up the excellent operate, and It is going to be a regular visitor for a long time.
I admire your work, thanks for all the useful content.
My brother suggested I may like this blog. He was totally right. This publish actually made my day. You cann’t consider simply how a lot time I had spent for this information! Thanks!
I have not checked in here for some time because I thought it was getting boring, but the last several posts are great quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my daily bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
Enjoyed looking at this, very good stuff, regards.
Appreciate it for all your efforts that you have put in this. very interesting information.
I have not checked in here for a while as I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are good quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
I simply couldn’t leave your web site before suggesting that I actually enjoyed the usual info an individual supply on your guests? Is going to be again ceaselessly in order to check up on new posts
Lovely just what I was searching for.Thanks to the author for taking his time on this one.