STORAGE TANK

Storage Tank: Sejarah, Pengertian, Fungsi, dan Jenis

Storage tank, atau tangki penyimpanan, merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam berbagai industri, seperti minyak dan gas, kimia, petrokimia, dan lainnya. Tangki penyimpanan memiliki peranan yang sangat vital dalam menyimpan bahan-bahan cair atau gas dalam jumlah besar. Dalam artikel ini, kita akan membahas sejarah, pengertian sesuai API 650, tujuan dan fungsi, jenis dan klasifikasi, serta berbagai aspek lainnya mengenai storage tank.

Daftar Isi show

Sejarah

Storage tank telah ada sejak zaman kuno. Seiring berjalannya waktu, kebutuhan akan penyimpanan bahan kimia, air, dan bahan bakar semakin meningkat, sehingga tangki penyimpanan mulai dikembangkan menjadi lebih canggih dan efisien. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi dan peningkatan kebutuhan industri, tangki penyimpanan telah mengalami berbagai perubahan dalam hal desain dan bahan pembuatannya.

Pengertian Storage Tank sesuai API 650

API 650 merupakan standar yang dikeluarkan oleh American Petroleum Institute (API) untuk merancang, membangun, menguji, dan menjaga storage tank berdinding dilas yang digunakan untuk menyimpan minyak, produk minyak, dan bahan kimia. Storage tank yang dirancang dan dibangun sesuai dengan API 650 harus memenuhi persyaratan kualitas, keselamatan, dan ketahanan yang ketat untuk menjaga integritas tangki dan melindungi lingkungan sekitar.

Tujuan dan Fungsi

Tujuan utama storage tank adalah untuk menyimpan bahan-bahan cair atau gas dalam jumlah besar, seperti minyak mentah, produk minyak, bahan kimia, air, dan lainnya. Fungsi storage tank meliputi penyimpanan sementara, penyangga antara proses produksi, distribusi dan konsumsi, serta pengendalian kualitas produk yang disimpan. Storage tank juga berperan dalam menjaga kestabilan tekanan dan suhu bahan yang disimpan.

Jenis dan Klasifikasi sesuai API 650

Dalam praktiknya, jenis tangki penyimpanan yang digunakan tergantung pada karakteristik cairan yang disimpan, termasuk titik nyala. Misalnya:

    1. Atmospheric Storage Tank (API 650): Cocok untuk menyimpan cairan dengan titik nyala di atas 100°F (38°C), seperti minyak pelumas, diesel, dan beberapa bahan kimia.
    2. Low Pressure Storage Tank (API 620): Cocok untuk menyimpan cairan dan gas dengan tekanan uap lebih tinggi, seperti amonia, propana, dan LPG, yang mungkin memiliki titik nyala lebih rendah atau lebih tinggi tergantung pada komposisi.
    3. High Pressure Storage Tank: Cocok untuk menyimpan gas yang dicairkan pada tekanan tinggi, seperti gas alam cair (LNG) atau oksigen cair, yang memiliki titik nyala sangat rendah atau tidak ada titik nyala.
Baca Juga  Safety Valve (PSV) Definisi, Fungsi dan Jenis

Berikut ini beberapa jenis storage tank sesuai dengan API 650 dan API 620:

  • Vertical Cylindrical Storage Tank: Tangki berbentuk silinder vertikal merupakan desain tangki penyimpanan yang paling umum digunakan. Desain ini meminimalkan luas permukaan tangki dan mengurangi potensi terjadinya korosi.
  • Horizontal Cylindrical Storage Tank: Tangki berbentuk silinder horizontal sering digunakan untuk penyimpanan kapasitas kecil hingga menengah, seperti pada stasiun pengisian bahan bakar atau industri yang memerlukan penyimpanan sementara.
  • Fixed Roof Storage Tank: Tangki dengan atap tetap adalah tangki penyimpanan yang memiliki atap yang menutupi bagian atas tangki dan tidak dapat bergerak. Atap tetap ini dapat berbentuk kerucut, kubah, atau datar, dan biasanya dilengkapi dengan ventilasi atau sistem pencegahan emisi.
  • External Floating Roof Storage Tank: Tangki dengan atap mengapung eksternal memiliki atap yang dapat bergerak naik-turun sesuai dengan tingkat cairan dalam tangki. Atap mengapung ini terletak di atas cairan yang disimpan dan tidak memiliki penutup atap eksternal. Desain ini mengurangi emisi yang berasal dari penguapan cairan yang disimpan dan meminimalkan kehilangan produk akibat penguapan. External Floating Roof Storage Tank biasanya digunakan untuk penyimpanan cairan yang memiliki tekanan uap tinggi, seperti minyak mentah dan bensin.
  • Internal Floating Roof Storage Tank: Tangki dengan atap mengapung internal juga memiliki atap yang dapat bergerak naik-turun sesuai dengan tingkat cairan dalam tangki. Namun, atap mengapung ini terletak di dalam tangki dan dilindungi oleh atap tetap eksternal. Desain ini memberikan perlindungan tambahan terhadap emisi dan menjaga kualitas produk yang disimpan. Internal Floating Roof Storage Tank sering digunakan untuk penyimpanan cairan yang memiliki tekanan uap tinggi dan sensitif terhadap kontaminasi, seperti produk kimia atau bahan bakar jet.
  • Domed External Floating Roof Storage Tank: Tangki ini merupakan kombinasi dari tangki atap mengapung eksternal dan atap kubah tetap. Atap mengapung naik-turun sesuai dengan tingkat cairan dalam tangki, sementara atap kubah melindungi atap mengapung dari cuaca dan kondisi lingkungan. Desain ini mengurangi emisi, melindungi atap mengapung dari kerusakan, dan meminimalkan kehilangan produk akibat penguapan.
Baca Juga  Polaritas Definisi Dalam Kimia

10 Kelebihan dan 10 Kekurangan Storage Tank

Kelebihan storage tank meliputi:

  1. Memiliki kapasitas penyimpanan yang besar
  2. Mampu menjaga kualitas produk yang disimpan
  3. Menyediakan penyangga antara proses produksi, distribusi, dan konsumsi
  4. Mudah dalam pemeliharaan
  5. Dapat dirancang sesuai kebutuhan
  6. Bahan konstruksi tangki yang tahan korosi
  7. Pemantauan tekanan dan suhu yang akurat
  8. Desain yang efisien untuk mengurangi emisi
  9. Desain yang aman untuk melindungi lingkungan sekitar
  10. Memenuhi standar kualitas dan keselamatan yang ketat, seperti API 650

Kekurangan storage tank meliputi:

  1. Biaya konstruksi yang tinggi
  2. Memerlukan lahan yang luas
  3. Resiko kebocoran dan pencemaran lingkungan
  4. Memerlukan inspeksi dan perawatan berkala
  5. Resiko terjadinya korosi
  6. Resiko terjadinya kebakaran atau ledakan
  7. Keterbatasan dalam penyesuaian desain
  8. Biaya operasional yang tinggi
  9. Kompleksitas dalam perizinan dan regulasi
  10. Potensi konflik dengan komunitas sekitar

Batasan sesuai API 650

API 650 memberikan batasan-batasan dalam perancangan, pembangunan, pengujian, dan pemeliharaan storage tank, seperti:

  • Minimal diameter tangki adalah 1,5 meter
  • Minimal tinggi tangki adalah 2,5 meter
  • Maksimal tekanan operasi adalah 2,5 psi
  • Bahan konstruksi tangki harus memenuhi persyaratan ketahanan kimia dan mekanik
  • Desain tangki harus mempertimbangkan beban eksternal dan internal, seperti angin, gempa, dan tekanan hidrostatis
  • Perangkat pengukuran tekanan dan suhu harus disertakan dalam desain tangki
  • Inspeksi dan pengujian dilakukan secara berkala untuk memastikan integritas tangki
Baca Juga  Mep Engineering adalah: Fungsi dan Prosesnya

Standar dan Kode

Standar dan kode yang berkaitan dengan storage tank mencakup berbagai aspek, seperti desain, konstruksi, pengujian, pemeliharaan, dan keselamatan. Beberapa standar dan kode yang umum digunakan dalam industri tangki penyimpanan meliputi API 650, API 620, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 30, dan International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 28300. Standar dan kode ini bertujuan untuk memastikan kualitas, keamanan, dan ketahanan storage tank, serta melindungi lingkungan dan masyarakat sekitar.

Acceptance Criteria sesuai ASME

ASME BPVC merupakan standar internasional yang menetapkan persyaratan desain, konstruksi, pengujian, dan pemeliharaan tangki penyimpanan tekanan dan bejana tekan. Acceptance criteria sesuai ASME mencakup berbagai aspek, seperti:

  • Material yang digunakan dalam konstruksi tangki harus memenuhi persyaratan ketahanan kimia dan mekanik
  • Desain tangki harus mempertimbangkan beban eksternal dan internal, serta faktor keamanan yang ditentukan oleh ASME
  • Pengujian radiografi, ultrasonik, dan hidrostatik dilakukan untuk memastikan integritas tangki
  • Inspeksi dan perawatan berkala diperlukan untuk memastikan kinerja dan keamanan tangki
  • Prosedur pengelasan dan personil pengelas harus memenuhi kualifikasi yang ditentukan oleh ASME

Kesimpulan

Storage tank adalah komponen penting dalam berbagai industri, seperti minyak dan gas, kimia, petrokimia, dan lainnya. Dalam artikel ini, kita telah membahas sejarah, pengertian sesuai API 650, tujuan dan fungsi, jenis dan klasifikasi, serta berbagai aspek lainnya mengenai storage tank.

Post Views: 4,465

Related posts:

100 comments

  2. I have to show thanks to you just for bailing me out of this difficulty. After browsing throughout the the net and finding advice that were not productive, I assumed my entire life was well over. Existing without the presence of solutions to the difficulties you’ve resolved by way of your site is a critical case, and the ones which could have in a wrong way damaged my career if I hadn’t discovered the website. Your actual competence and kindness in controlling everything was valuable. I am not sure what I would’ve done if I had not come across such a subject like this. I can at this point look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for your specialized and result oriented guide. I will not hesitate to endorse your site to any individual who would like assistance on this matter.

  3. It’s really a cool and useful piece of information. I’m glad that you shared this helpful information with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.

  4. I have been absent for a while, but now I remember why I used to love this site. Thank you, I¦ll try and check back more often. How frequently you update your site?

  6. Hey, you used to write excellent, but the last few posts have been kinda boring… I miss your great writings. Past few posts are just a little bit out of track! come on!

  7. Wonderful site you have here but I was curious about if you knew of any user discussion forums that cover the same topics discussed in this article? I’d really like to be a part of group where I can get comments from other experienced individuals that share the same interest. If you have any recommendations, please let me know. Cheers!

  8. After examine a couple of of the weblog posts on your website now, and I truly like your means of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website checklist and might be checking again soon. Pls check out my website as nicely and let me know what you think.

  10. Hey there would you mind sharing which blog platform you’re using? I’m looking to start my own blog soon but I’m having a difficult time making a decision between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your design seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something unique. P.S Apologies for being off-topic but I had to ask!

  11. Oh my goodness! an incredible article dude. Thanks Nevertheless I’m experiencing concern with ur rss . Don’t know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there anyone getting identical rss drawback? Anybody who knows kindly respond. Thnkx

  13. I’d have to examine with you here. Which is not one thing I usually do! I take pleasure in reading a post that may make folks think. Additionally, thanks for permitting me to comment!

  15. I am really loving the theme/design of your website. Do you ever run into any web browser compatibility problems? A handful of my blog readers have complained about my website not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Chrome. Do you have any ideas to help fix this issue?

  16. I?¦ll immediately snatch your rss feed as I can’t find your email subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you have any? Please let me realize in order that I could subscribe. Thanks.

  17. I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post…

  18. I do not even understand how I finished up right here, but I assumed this put up used to be great. I don’t realize who you’re but certainly you are going to a well-known blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!

  19. Aw, this was a really nice post. In concept I would like to put in writing like this moreover – taking time and actual effort to make an excellent article… but what can I say… I procrastinate alot and on no account appear to get something done.

  20. certainly like your web site however you have to take a look at the spelling on several of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling problems and I in finding it very bothersome to tell the truth on the other hand I will surely come again again.

  22. You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this matter to be actually something which I think I would never understand. It seems too complicated and very broad for me. I’m looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang of it!

  24. This blog is definitely rather handy since I’m at the moment creating an internet floral website – although I am only starting out therefore it’s really fairly small, nothing like this site. Can link to a few of the posts here as they are quite. Thanks much. Zoey Olsen

  25. you are really a good webmaster. The site loading speed is amazing. It seems that you’re doing any unique trick. In addition, The contents are masterwork. you have done a wonderful job on this topic!

  27. I’ve recently started a blog, the info you offer on this web site has helped me greatly. Thanks for all of your time & work. “My dear and old country, here we are once again together faced with a heavy trial.” by Charles De Gaulle.

  28. I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you make this website yourself or did you hire someone to do it for you? Plz reply as I’m looking to design my own blog and would like to know where u got this from. thanks

  30. What Is FitSpresso? The effective weight management formula FitSpresso is designed to inherently support weight loss. It is made using a synergistic blend of ingredients chosen especially for their metabolism-boosting and fat-burning features.

  31. I simply could not depart your web site prior to suggesting that I extremely loved the standard info a person provide for your visitors? Is going to be back regularly in order to inspect new posts

  32. Can I just say what a reduction to find somebody who actually knows what theyre speaking about on the internet. You positively know methods to deliver a problem to light and make it important. More people have to learn this and understand this side of the story. I cant imagine youre not more standard since you positively have the gift.

  34. Great V I should certainly pronounce, impressed with your web site. I had no trouble navigating through all tabs and related info ended up being truly easy to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it in the least. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or anything, site theme . a tones way for your client to communicate. Excellent task..

  35. you are really a good webmaster. The web site loading speed is amazing. It seems that you are doing any unique trick. Moreover, The contents are masterwork. you’ve done a magnificent job on this topic!

  36. Wow! This could be one particular of the most beneficial blogs We have ever arrive across on this subject. Basically Fantastic. I am also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort.

  37. Heya i am for the first time here. I found this board and I to find It really helpful & it helped me out a lot. I am hoping to provide one thing again and help others like you helped me.

  38. I’d have to examine with you here. Which is not one thing I usually do! I take pleasure in reading a post that may make folks think. Additionally, thanks for permitting me to comment!

  41. Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to more added agreeable from you! However, how could we communicate?

  43. It’s perfect time to make a few plans for the long run and it is time to be happy. I’ve read this submit and if I may just I desire to counsel you some attention-grabbing things or advice. Maybe you can write next articles relating to this article. I wish to read even more things approximately it!

  45. Hey there, You’ve done a fantastic job. I’ll certainly digg it and personally suggest to my friends. I’m sure they will be benefited from this web site.

  47. I have not checked in here for some time since I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are great quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂

  49. I do agree with all the ideas you’ve presented on your post. They’re very convincing and will certainly work. Still, the posts are very brief for beginners. May you please extend them a bit from next time? Thanks for the post.

  50. I am often to blogging and i really appreciate your content. The article has really peaks my interest. I am going to bookmark your site and keep checking for new information.

  51. magnificent submit, very informative. I wonder why the other experts of this sector don’t realize this. You must proceed your writing. I’m sure, you’ve a huge readers’ base already!

  53. Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your web site and in accession capital to assert that I acquire actually enjoyed account your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your augment and even I achievement you access consistently quickly.

  54. My brother recommended I might like this website. He was entirely right. This put up truly made my day. You cann’t imagine simply how a lot time I had spent for this info! Thanks!

  59. Keep up the excellent work, I read few posts on this internet site and I believe that your blog is real interesting and has circles of good info .

  61. I think this is among the most significant info for me. And i’m glad reading your article. But want to remark on some general things, The website style is wonderful, the articles is really excellent : D. Good job, cheers

  65. Wow! This can be one particular of the most helpful blogs We’ve ever arrive across on this subject. Actually Magnificent. I’m also a specialist in this topic so I can understand your hard work.

  69. Hi there! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a group of volunteers and starting a new initiative in a community in the same niche. Your blog provided us beneficial information to work on. You have done a wonderful job!

  71. I¦ll right away grasp your rss as I can not find your e-mail subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Kindly allow me understand so that I may just subscribe. Thanks.

  76. fantastic publish, very informative. I’m wondering why the opposite specialists of this sector don’t realize this. You must continue your writing. I am confident, you have a great readers’ base already!

  77. I loved as much as you will receive performed proper here. The comic strip is tasteful, your authored subject matter stylish. nonetheless, you command get bought an shakiness over that you would like be turning in the following. unwell definitely come more formerly once more as exactly the same nearly very steadily within case you protect this increase.

  81. I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own weblog and was curious what all is needed to get setup? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very internet smart so I’m not 100 positive. Any tips or advice would be greatly appreciated. Thank you

  85. Thanks for sharing excellent informations. Your web-site is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you?¦ve on this website. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found just the information I already searched everywhere and just could not come across. What an ideal website.

  86. I’ve been browsing online more than three hours today, but I by no means discovered any fascinating article like yours. It is pretty value sufficient for me. In my opinion, if all webmasters and bloggers made just right content as you did, the internet will be a lot more helpful than ever before.

  89. Can I just say what a relief to seek out somebody who really is aware of what theyre speaking about on the internet. You undoubtedly know how one can convey a problem to mild and make it important. Extra folks have to read this and perceive this side of the story. I cant believe youre no more widespread since you definitely have the gift.

  94. I¦ve been exploring for a little bit for any high quality articles or blog posts on this sort of space . Exploring in Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this site. Reading this info So i¦m satisfied to exhibit that I have an incredibly just right uncanny feeling I came upon exactly what I needed. I most unquestionably will make sure to do not forget this web site and provides it a look on a continuing basis.

  95. Throughout this awesome scheme of things you actually receive a B+ just for effort and hard work. Where you lost everybody was first on your details. You know, they say, details make or break the argument.. And that couldn’t be much more accurate in this article. Having said that, let me tell you precisely what did work. Your writing is certainly incredibly convincing and that is most likely the reason why I am taking the effort in order to comment. I do not really make it a regular habit of doing that. Secondly, despite the fact that I can easily see the jumps in logic you come up with, I am not necessarily confident of just how you appear to connect the ideas that help to make the actual final result. For the moment I will, no doubt yield to your point however trust in the foreseeable future you connect the facts much better.

  97. Nice post. I learn something more challenging on different blogs everyday. It will always be stimulating to read content from other writers and practice a little something from their store. I’d prefer to use some with the content on my blog whether you don’t mind. Natually I’ll give you a link on your web blog. Thanks for sharing.

  98. Greetings from California! I’m bored at work so I decided to browse your blog on my iphone during lunch break. I enjoy the information you provide here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m surprised at how fast your blog loaded on my cell phone .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, excellent site!

  99. Magnificent web site. A lot of helpful information here. I am sending it to a few buddies ans additionally sharing in delicious. And obviously, thanks to your sweat!

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *