Welding Engineer: Pengertian Syarat Tugas dan Gaji

Welding Engineer: Pengertian Syarat Tugas dan Gaji

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Sejarah

Sejarah teknik pengelasan dapat ditelusuri kembali ke zaman kuno, di mana teknik pengelasan telah digunakan sejak zaman Mesir Kuno dan Romawi. Namun, profesi welding engineer sebagai suatu bidang khusus baru mulai berkembang pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20, seiring dengan kemajuan dalam teknologi dan ilmu material.

Pengertian

Welding engineer adalah seorang profesional yang memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan khusus dalam bidang teknik pengelasan. Mereka bertanggung jawab untuk merancang, mengembangkan, menguji, dan mengawasi proses pengelasan dalam berbagai aplikasi industri. Welding engineer juga bekerja dengan berbagai standar dan kode pengelasan untuk memastikan keamanan, kualitas, dan efisiensi dalam proses pengelasan.

Welding engineer merupakan profesi yang sangat penting dalam industri konstruksi, manufaktur, dan permesinan. Dalam artikel ini, kita akan membahas mengenai sejarah, pengertian, metode, cara kerja, kegunaan, material yang bisa diuji, kelebihan dan kekurangan, batasan, pengaplikasian, tahapan dalam pengujian, standar dan kode, acceptance criteria sesuai ASME, operator, gaji, dan posisi kerja dari seorang welding engineer. Selamat membaca!

Metode Umum Digunakan oleh welding engineer

Beberapa metode pengelasan yang umum digunakan oleh welding engineer meliputi pengelasan SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding), GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding), GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding), FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding), dan SAW (Submerged Arc Welding). Setiap metode memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya tersendiri, sehingga pemilihan metode yang tepat tergantung pada jenis material, ketebalan, dan aplikasi penggunaannya.

Bagaimana Cara Kerjanya

Proses pengelasan pada dasarnya melibatkan pemanasan material hingga mencapai titik leleh, kemudian menyatukannya dengan material lain menggunakan tekanan atau filler logam. Selama proses ini, perlu ada kontrol yang ketat terhadap variabel seperti suhu, tekanan, kecepatan, dan atmosfer perlindungan agar hasil pengelasan memenuhi standar dan kode yang berlaku.

Sebagai contoh, dalam metode GMAW, material dasar dipanaskan dengan menggunakan busur listrik yang dihasilkan antara elektroda logam dan material dasar. Selama proses ini, gas inert digunakan untuk melindungi area pengelasan dari kontaminasi oksigen dan nitrogen, yang dapat menyebabkan cacat pengelasan. Welding engineer harus memastikan bahwa semua parameter pengelasan telah disetel dengan benar, seperti tegangan, arus, dan kecepatan pengelasan, untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal.

Material yang Bisa Diuji

Welding engineer dapat menguji dan mengelas berbagai jenis material, seperti baja karbon, baja tahan karat, aluminium, tembaga, nikel, dan titanium. Material yang dipilih akan sangat bergantung pada aplikasi dan persyaratan khusus dari proyek tersebut.

10 Kelebihan dan 10 Kekurangan

Keuntungan:

  1. Kemampuan untuk menyatukan berbagai jenis material
  2. Kecepatan dan efisiensi proses pengelasan
  3. Kekuatan sambungan yang tinggi
  4. Perlakuan panas lokal yang lebih kecil
  5. Kemungkinan untuk mengelas material dengan ketebalan yang berbeda
  6. Tidak memerlukan pengeboran atau pengerjaan mekanis tambahan
  7. Kemudahan untuk mengotomatiskan proses pengelasan
  8. Memungkinkan penggunaan bahan pengisi untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanis sambungan
  9. Lebih ekonomis untuk produksi massal
  10. Memungkinkan inspeksi non-destruktif (NDT) untuk memeriksa kualitas pengelasan

Kekurangan:

  1. Memerlukan peralatan dan tenaga kerja yang mahal
  2. Pengaruh negatif pada lingkungan, seperti polusi udara dan suara
  3. Kemungkinan terjadinya distorsi dan tegangan sisa pada material
  4. Memerlukan pengawasan yang ketat untuk mengendalikan variabel proses
  5. Tidak cocok untuk semua jenis material
  6. Memerlukan pemeriksaan dan perawatan berkala untuk peralatan pengelasan
  7. Proses yang sulit untuk dilakukan di lokasi yang sulit diakses
  8. Kemungkinan terjadinya cacat pengelasan, seperti porositas dan retak
  9. Memerlukan pengetahuan dan keterampilan khusus
  10. Adanya risiko kecelakaan dan cedera bagi operator
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Batasan

Beberapa batasan yang dihadapi oleh welding engineer meliputi keterbatasan dalam pengelasan material dengan sifat kimia dan mekanis yang berbeda, keterbatasan dalam mengakses area yang sulit dijangkau, dan keterbatasan dalam mengendalikan variabel proses dengan presisi tinggi. Selain itu, terdapat juga batasan dalam hal kecepatan pengelasan dan kemampuan untuk menghasilkan sambungan yang bebas dari cacat atau ketidaksempurnaan.

Pengaplikasian

Pengaplikasian welding engineer meliputi berbagai sektor industri, seperti pembangunan infrastruktur, industri otomotif, manufaktur peralatan berat, industri perkapalan, pembangkit listrik, industri minyak dan gas, dan lainnya. Welding engineer juga bekerja dalam penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi pengelasan baru yang lebih efisien dan ramah lingkungan.

Tahapan dalam Pengujian

Tahapan dalam pengujian proses pengelasan melibatkan beberapa langkah, seperti:

  1. Perencanaan dan persiapan, termasuk pemilihan metode pengelasan, material, dan peralatan yang sesuai
  2. Penyusunan prosedur pengelasan yang memenuhi standar dan kode yang berlaku
  3. Pelaksanaan pengelasan sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan
  4. Inspeksi dan pengujian kualitas sambungan pengelasan, baik secara visual maupun menggunakan teknik inspeksi non-destruktif (NDT)
  5. Evaluasi dan analisis hasil pengujian untuk menentukan apakah sambungan pengelasan memenuhi acceptance criteria
  6. Optimalisasi proses pengelasan jika diperlukan

Syarat Welding Engineer

Untuk menjadi seorang welding engineer, ada beberapa syarat yang harus dipenuhi, di antaranya:

  1. Pendidikan: Seorang welding engineer umumnya diharuskan memiliki gelar sarjana (S1) atau lebih tinggi dalam bidang teknik, seperti Teknik Mesin, Teknik Material, atau bidang terkait. Beberapa posisi bahkan mungkin memerlukan gelar magister (S2) atau doktor (S3) dalam bidang spesialisasi pengelasan.
  2. Sertifikasi: Memiliki sertifikasi dari lembaga yang diakui, seperti American Welding Society (AWS), Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB), atau lembaga serupa lainnya, dapat meningkatkan prospek karier dan kredibilitas seorang welding engineer. Contoh sertifikasi yang umum di bidang ini meliputi Certified Welding Engineer (CWEng) dan Certified Welding Inspector (CWI).
  3. Pengalaman: Pengalaman kerja di bidang pengelasan atau industri terkait sangat penting untuk menjadi seorang welding engineer yang kompeten. Pengalaman ini dapat diperoleh melalui magang, pekerjaan paruh waktu, atau proyek-proyek yang melibatkan pengelasan selama studi.
  4. Keterampilan teknis: Seorang welding engineer harus memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan teknis yang baik dalam proses pengelasan, material, peralatan, dan standar yang berlaku di industri.
  5. Keterampilan interpersonal: Keterampilan komunikasi, kerjasama tim, dan kemampuan untuk bekerja dengan berbagai disiplin ilmu sangat penting dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai welding engineer.
  6. Keterampilan analitis dan pemecahan masalah: Kemampuan untuk menganalisis situasi, mengidentifikasi masalah, dan merumuskan solusi yang efektif sangat diperlukan dalam peran welding engineer.

Tugas Welding Engineer

Tugas seorang welding engineer mencakup berbagai aspek, di antaranya:

  1. Merancang, mengembangkan, dan mengoptimalkan prosedur pengelasan untuk berbagai proyek dan aplikasi, sesuai dengan standar dan kode yang berlaku.
  2. Memilih material dan peralatan pengelasan yang sesuai untuk memastikan kualitas, efisiensi, dan keamanan dalam proses pengelasan.
  3. Menyusun dan mengimplementasikan rencana inspeksi dan pengujian untuk memastikan kualitas sambungan pengelasan, termasuk penggunaan teknik inspeksi non-destruktif (NDT) jika diperlukan.
  4. Memberikan dukungan teknis dan pelatihan kepada operator pengelas dan tim produksi, termasuk mengawasi pekerjaan pengelasan yang dilakukan oleh operator.
  5. Melakukan analisis kegagalan dan penyelidikan cacat pengelasan, serta merumuskan solusi perbaikan dan pencegahan untuk mengurangi risiko kegagalan di masa depan.
  6. Menyusun dan memelihara dokumentasi teknis yang berkaitan dengan proses pengelasan, seperti prosedur pengelasan (WPS), kualifikasi pengelas (WPQ), dan laporan inspeksi atau pengujian.
  7. Menjaga keselamatan, kesehatan, dan lingkungan di tempat kerja dengan memastikan penerapan praktik-praktik terbaik, penggunaan peralatan pelindung diri (PPE), dan pelatihan keselamatan yang sesuai.
  8. Melakukan penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi pengelasan baru, serta mengikuti perkembangan terbaru dalam bidang pengelasan dan material terkait.
  9. Bekerja sama dengan tim cross-fungsional yang melibatkan insinyur, desainer, manajer proyek, dan klien untuk memastikan keberhasilan proyek dan kepuasan pelanggan.
  10. Menganalisis biaya, waktu, dan sumber daya yang diperlukan untuk proyek pengelasan, serta mengembangkan rencana dan estimasi yang realistis untuk memastikan efisiensi dan efektivitas operasional.
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Welding engineer umumnya bekerja dalam berbagai industri yang memerlukan proses pengelasan, seperti konstruksi, permesinan, otomotif, penerbangan, dan banyak lagi. Mereka berperan penting dalam pembuatan, perbaikan, dan pemeliharaan struktur logam, pipa, tangki, dan komponen mesin. Selain itu, welding engineer juga terlibat dalam penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi pengelasan yang baru dan lebih efisien.

Standar dan Kode

Standar dan kode yang berlaku dalam bidang pengelasan sangat penting untuk memastikan kualitas, keamanan, dan kinerja sambungan pengelasan. Beberapa standar dan kode yang umum digunakan oleh welding engineer meliputi ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), AWS (American Welding Society), API (American Petroleum Institute), dan ISO (International Organization for Standardization).

Sebagai contoh, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) merupakan standar yang mengatur desain, fabrikasi, dan inspeksi boiler dan bejana tekan. Welding engineer harus memahami dan mengikuti standar ini untuk memastikan bahwa sambungan pengelasan memenuhi persyaratan kualitas dan keamanan yang ketat.

Acceptance Criteria Sesuai ASME

Acceptance criteria dalam ASME BPVC menentukan batasan cacat dan ketidaksempurnaan yang diperbolehkan dalam sambungan pengelasan. Cacat dan ketidaksempurnaan tersebut meliputi porositas, retak, inklusi, undercut, dan deformasi. Acceptance criteria yang digunakan bergantung pada jenis material, proses pengelasan, dan aplikasi sambungan pengelasan itu sendiri.

Sebagai contoh, ASME BPVC Section IX menetapkan persyaratan kualifikasi prosedur pengelasan (WPS) dan kualifikasi pengelas (WPQ). WPS dan WPQ harus memenuhi kriteria yang ditetapkan dalam standar ini, termasuk tes bend, tes tensile, tes Charpy impact, dan tes radiografi atau ultrasonik, jika diperlukan. Welding engineer bertanggung jawab untuk memastikan bahwa semua persyaratan acceptance criteria terpenuhi sebelum sambungan pengelasan diterima untuk digunakan dalam aplikasi yang dimaksud.

Sertifikasi Welding Engineer

Berikut beberapa tempat dan tautan (link) untuk mendapatkan sertifikasi Welding Engineer baik di dalam maupun luar negeri, beserta perkiraan biaya yang diperlukan:

Indonesia

  1. Balai Besar Bahan dan Barang Teknik (B4T) adalah lembaga di Indonesia yang menyediakan sertifikasi pengelasan. Anda dapat mengunjungi situs web mereka di https://www.b4t.go.id/. Biaya sertifikasi akan bervariasi tergantung pada jenis sertifikasi yang diambil dan levelnya. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai biaya, Anda dapat menghubungi B4T secara langsung.

Luar Negeri

  1. American Welding Society (AWS) adalah organisasi profesional yang menyediakan sertifikasi Welding Engineer, seperti Certified Welding Engineer (CWEng) dan Certified Welding Inspector (CWI). Anda dapat mengunjungi situs web AWS di https://www.aws.org/. Biaya untuk sertifikasi CWI berkisar antara USD 850 hingga USD 1.350, tergantung pada status keanggotaan dan paket ujian yang dipilih.
  2. Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB) adalah organisasi di Kanada yang menawarkan sertifikasi pengelasan, termasuk Welding Engineer. Anda dapat mengunjungi situs web CWB di https://www.cwbgroup.org/. Biaya untuk sertifikasi akan bervariasi tergantung pada jenis sertifikasi yang diambil dan levelnya. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai biaya, Anda dapat menghubungi CWB secara langsung.
  3. The Welding Institute (TWI) adalah organisasi internasional yang berbasis di Inggris dan menyediakan sertifikasi pengelasan, seperti Certified Welding Inspector (CSWIP) dan Senior Welding Inspector (CSWIP 3.2). Anda dapat mengunjungi situs web TWI di https://www.twi-global.com/. Biaya untuk sertifikasi CSWIP berkisar antara GBP 1.000 hingga GBP 2.000, tergantung pada level dan lokasi ujian.
  4. International Institute of Welding (IIW) adalah organisasi internasional yang menawarkan sertifikasi pengelasan melalui program International Welding Engineer (IWE) dan International Welding Technologist (IWT). Anda dapat mengunjungi situs web IIW di https://www.iiwelding.org/. Biaya untuk sertifikasi IWE dan IWT akan bervariasi tergantung pada negara dan institusi penyelenggara. Anda dapat menghubungi IIW atau anggota nasional mereka untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai biaya.

Perbedaan Welding Engineer dan Welding inspetor

Welding Engineer Welding Inspector
  • Memiliki gelar sarjana (S1) atau lebih tinggi dalam bidang teknik, seperti Teknik Mesin, Teknik Material, atau bidang terkait.
  • Bertanggung jawab untuk merancang, mengembangkan, dan mengoptimalkan prosedur pengelasan untuk berbagai proyek dan aplikasi, sesuai dengan standar dan kode yang berlaku.
  • Memilih material dan peralatan pengelasan yang sesuai untuk memastikan kualitas, efisiensi, dan keamanan dalam proses pengelasan.
  • Menyusun dan mengimplementasikan rencana inspeksi dan pengujian untuk memastikan kualitas sambungan pengelasan.
  • Memberikan dukungan teknis dan pelatihan kepada operator pengelas dan tim produksi.
  • Melakukan analisis kegagalan dan penyelidikan cacat pengelasan, serta merumuskan solusi perbaikan dan pencegahan.
  • Menyusun dan memelihara dokumentasi teknis yang berkaitan dengan proses pengelasan, seperti prosedur pengelasan (WPS), kualifikasi pengelas (WPQ), dan laporan inspeksi atau pengujian.
  • Memiliki sertifikasi Welding Inspector, seperti Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) atau setara, yang dikeluarkan oleh lembaga yang diakui (misalnya AWS, CWB, atau TWI).
  • Bertanggung jawab untuk melakukan inspeksi visual dan/atau menggunakan teknik inspeksi non-destruktif (NDT) untuk memeriksa kualitas sambungan pengelasan dan memastikan kepatuhan terhadap spesifikasi dan standar yang berlaku.
  • Menilai kualifikasi pengelas (WPQ) dan memastikan bahwa operator pengelas memiliki keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk menjalankan prosedur pengelasan yang ditetapkan (WPS).
  • Melaporkan hasil inspeksi kepada Welding Engineer dan/atau pihak yang berwenang, serta merekomendasikan tindakan korektif atau pencegahan jika diperlukan.
  • Memantau proses pengelasan dan memastikan kepatuhan terhadap standar keselamatan dan lingkungan yang berlaku di tempat kerja.
  • Melakukan audit dan peninjauan prosedur pengelasan, peralatan, dan praktek-praktek terbaik untuk memastikan keberlanjutan kualitas sambungan pengelasan.
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Dengan memahami perbedaan antara Welding Engineer dan Welding Inspector, kita dapat lebih menghargai peran yang berbeda dan tanggung jawab yang mereka miliki dalam industri pengelasan. Meskipun keduanya memiliki peran yang saling melengkapi, penting untuk diingat bahwa Welding Engineer lebih berfokus pada aspek teknis dan pengembangan proses pengelasan, sedangkan Welding Inspector lebih berfokus pada inspeksi, pengendalian kualitas, dan kepatuhan terhadap standar.

Kesimpulan

Welding Engineer dan Welding Inspector memiliki peran yang berbeda dalam industri pengelasan, dengan Welding Engineer lebih berfokus pada aspek teknis dan pengembangan proses pengelasan, dan Welding Inspector lebih berfokus pada inspeksi, pengendalian kualitas, dan kepatuhan terhadap standar. Keduanya harus bekerja sama dalam tim cross-fungsional untuk memastikan keberhasilan proyek pengelasan. Dengan mengembangkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mereka melalui pelatihan, sertifikasi, dan partisipasi dalam organisasi profesional, baik Welding Engineer maupun Welding Inspector dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam industri pengelasan dan memastikan

Gaji di Indonesia dan Luar Negeri

Gaji welding engineer sangat bervariasi tergantung pada tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman, lokasi, dan industri tempat mereka bekerja. Di Indonesia, gaji welding engineer berkisar antara Rp 10-20 juta per bulan untuk posisi entry-level, dan dapat meningkat hingga Rp 30-50 juta per bulan untuk posisi senior atau manajerial. Di luar negeri, seperti di Amerika Serikat, gaji welding engineer berkisar antara USD 60.000-120.000 per tahun, tergantung pada faktor-faktor yang sama.

Posisi Kerja

Welding engineer dapat bekerja dalam berbagai posisi, seperti:

  • Welding Engineer
  • Welding Inspector
  • Welding Technologist
  • Welding Supervisor
  • Welding Instructor
  • Welding Consultant
  • Welding Researcher

Posisi yang dipilih akan sangat bergantung pada keahlian, pengalaman, dan preferensi individu.

Kesimpulan

Welding engineer merupakan profesi yang sangat penting dalam industri konstruksi, manufaktur, dan permesinan. Dalam artikel ini, kita telah membahas mengenai sejarah, pengertian, metode, cara kerja, kegunaan, material yang bisa diuji, kelebihan dan kekurangan, batasan, pengaplikasian, tahapan dalam pengujian, standar dan kode, acceptance criteria sesuai ASME, operator, gaji, dan posisi kerja dari seorang welding engineer. Semoga informasi yang disajikan dalam artikel ini bermanfaat bagi Anda yang tertarik untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang profesi welding engineer.

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